MODERN PROBLEMS OF ENSURING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MINING AND METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES IN RUSSIA

Antropov Alexander Vladimirovich, Kalabina Elena Georgievna

The mining and metallurgical complex of Russia, being the foundation of the raw materials economy and the source of a significant share of export revenues, is facing an unprecedented set of challenges threatening its sustainable development. The article examines systemic problems, including technological constraints due to sanctions and shortages of critical imported equipment, acute staffing shortages and high staff turnover, as well as the need for deep environmental transformation in the face of increasing global and national ESG (environmental, social and corporate governance) requirements. The author's own development is the «Cyclic model of adaptive ESG Transformation of MMC», which includes four interrelated stages: diagnosis of risks and opportunities, strategic goal setting, operational integration with a priority on digitalization and human capital, as well as monitoring and adaptation. The practical significance of the model is confirmed by an analysis of the cases of industry leaders such as Norilsk Nickel, Polyus and others, demonstrating that systemic investments in ESG are becoming not an expense item, but a driver of technological renewal and increased investment attractiveness even in conditions of isolation from Western capital markets. The proposed model of adaptive ESG transformation offers a practical way for transformation, directing companies' efforts to build not only viable, but also sustainable, technologically advanced and socially responsible businesses that meet the challenges of our time.

Keywords:sustainable development, ESG, mining industry, metallurgical industry, mining and metallurgical complex, ESG transformation, decarbonization.