ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS OBTAINED FROM ANIMAL

Tyurin Vladimir G., Volchkova Lalita A., Rodionova Natalia V., Biryukov Kirill N.

The article examines the ecological effectiveness of the use of organic fertilizers produced from animal by-products in organic farming systems. The relevance of the study is due to the need to reduce anthropogenic pressure on agroecosystems and the transition to a closed-loop resource use model in the agricultural sector. Modern technologies for processing manure and manure into organic fertilizers, their effect on the agrochemical properties of the soil, crop productivity and greenhouse gas emissions are analyzed. It has been shown that the use of organic fertilizers of animal origin can reduce the leaching of nutrients, reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared with mineral analogues and increase the content of organic carbon in the soil. It has been revealed that maximum environmental efficiency is achieved with the combined use of organic fertilizers with biologics and biochar, which provides a synergistic effect in improving soil fertility. The main problems of implementing these technologies have been identified, including the instability of fertilizer composition, logistical constraints, and the need to adapt to specific soil and climatic conditions. Ways to solve the problems and prospects of using organic fertilizers of animal origin in organic farming are considered, including the introduction of digital platforms for calibration of nutritional properties, integrated use with microbiological preparations and biochar, the development of technologies for anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis.

Keywords:organic fertilizers, by-products of animal husbandry, organic farming, closed-loop economy, environmental efficiency