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The article investigates theoretical and methodological aspects of regional economic growth, focusing on the northern regions of Russia in the context of contemporary challenges, including the pandemic's aftermath, sanctions pressure, and the special military operation. Key factors influencing economic growth are analyzed, emphasizing theories and models of regional development, as well as the role of human capital. Particular attention is given to the specific features of economic growth in the social sphere of the northern regions. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of gross regional product, labor force, and fixed assets in comparable prices for the period from 2010 to 2024. The application of the Cobb-Douglas production function made it possible to identify the contribution of various factors to the formation of economic growth in northern territories. Structural imbalances in the economy of northern regions and their impact on development sustainability are examined. Problems hindering economic growth, including dependence on extractive industries and the limited role of small and medium-sized enterprises, are explored. The author assesses the influence of demographic processes and migration flows on the formation of human capital in northern territories. The features of investment processes under sanctions pressure and their impact on the modernization of the economy of northern regions are revealed. Directions for improving state regional economic policy to ensure sustainable development of the northern territories are proposed, including measures to diversify the economy, develop infrastructure, and stimulate innovation activity.
Keywords:Economic growth, northern regions, theory of regional economic growth, factors of economic growth, development of human capital, activation of investment processes, labor force, fixed assets
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