CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF INTERNAL ECONOMIC MIGRATION FOR THE ETHNO-SOCIAL REGIONS OF THE COUNTRY: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND PRC

Wang Jianguang

Internal economic migration, which the author refers to in this article, is the movement of people within a country for economic reasons. This phenomenon is becoming more widespread in many countries, including the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China (PRC), having a significant impact on ethno-social regions. This article compares the causes and consequences of internal economic migration in these two countries in order to identify the most relevant policy measures to optimize the use of this process in stimulating the economy, as well as combating inequality between regions of the country. The reasons for internal economic migration vary, but are mainly driven by economic opportunity as people move from rural to urban areas in search of better job prospects and higher wages. In the Russian Federation, migration was mainly driven by the economic crisis, declining living standards and demographic imbalances. On the contrary, the PRC's economic reforms have created a stronger economy with a growing demand for labor by attracting migrants from rural areas. The consequences of internal economic migration are both negative and positive. Negative effects include brain drain, increasing pressures of urbanization, and the decline of social services in rural areas. Positive effects include faster economic growth, improved human capital, and cultural exchange. The PRC has used internal economic migration more effectively for its economic development, creating special economic zones to attract investment and encouraging labor migrants to stay. The author comes to the conclusion that internal economic migration was more effectively used by the PRC government. In this regard, some measures have been proposed, among which the most significant is the decentralization of the economy, using the example of China. This measure can contribute to a more even development of the ethno-social regions of the Russian Federation.

Keywords:migration, ethno-social regions, socio-economic inequality, economic migration, internal migration