EVOLUTION OF THE CATEGORY OF HONOR, DIGNITY AND BUSINESS REPUTATION: PHILOSOPHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

Nuiskov Evgeniy Vyacheslavovich

This article is devoted to the evolution of such important categories of legal and philosophical categories as honor, dignity and business reputation. In the German philosophical and legal tradition, a distinction is made between internal and external honor. These categories originated in ancient times. Only citizens of the ancient states where they lived could have honor and dignity. Many ancient Greek philosophers devoted a lot of space to issues of human dignity. Thus, Aristotle connects issues of law and personal dignity. Following the law consists of valor and dignity. Roman law regulated issues of protection of honor and dignity. Responsibility for violation of these benefits was established in the Laws of the XII Tables and other acts. The development of commodity-money relations in Ancient Rome contributed to the emergence of a business reputation. Responsibility for violation of honor, dignity and business reputation was established. In the Middle Ages, honor and dignity depended on a person’s class status. During the Renaissance and Enlightenment, thinkers put forward the idea that the honor and dignity of an individual depend not on legal status, but on the personal qualities of a person. The concept of business reputation developed with the development of capitalism and the improvement of civil legal relations. Society's understanding of honor and dignity is reflected in Russian and Soviet classical literature. In the 19th century In Russia, such an extrajudicial method of protecting honor and dignity as a duel has become widespread. Personal dignity has become one of the foundations of human rights and freedoms, which is reflected in international legal acts.

Keywords:category; vocation; status; Institute of Law; personal dignity; merchant; honor; reputation; responsibility