GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS AS INSTRUMENTS OF DIGITAL CONTROL AND STRATEGIC SOVEREIGNTY IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Polozov Yaroslav Sergeevich

The article attempts to understand global value chains as a tool of digital control and strategic sovereignty that affect the parameters of independence, dependence and geo-economic maneuverability of states using the example of the automotive industry. The types of companies identified as a result of the study demonstrated that the automaker's digital sovereignty index is able to capture non-obvious structural differences between formally comparable industry participants. Visualization of the index distribution made it possible to identify four main groups: architectural companies with high autonomy; integrant companies embedded in someone else's architecture; observer companies with a low degree of digitalization; risk companies that are borderline dependent on external code, contracts and jurisdictions. An analysis of the positions of Russian automobile companies showed their predominance in groups 3 and 4. The factors limiting the possibility of transition to technological and digital sovereignty are revealed: dependence on foreign communication protocols; lack of certified standards for digital architecture within the country; insufficient inclusion in the design of global chains. The conclusion is that at the current stage, the Russian automotive industry remains in the zone of adaptive digital response, with some rudiments of platform subjectivity. Its sustainable development in the context of geo-economic challenges and pressure from competing powers is possible only if its own ecosystem of design, rationing and institutional reproduction is created. The strategic guideline should be the movement from the periphery to the core, with the formation of an industrial block capable of reproducing components and defining the architecture of interaction in digital chains on a global level.

Keywords:value chains, global value chains, digital control, strategic sovereignty, automotive industry, automotive industry