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The article presents a comparative analysis of the mechanisms of state support for agro–industrial clusters in the BRICS countries - Brazil, India, China, South Africa and Russia. The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve domestic cluster policy in the face of sanctions pressure and import substitution challenges, which requires the study of successful practices in countries with comparable agricultural sector scales and structural challenges. Based on the systematization of scientific sources and empirical data, four models of cluster policy have been identified: the Brazilian cooperative-institutional model, the Indian model of public-private partnership, the Chinese directive-planning model and the South African export-oriented model. The main success factors have been identified: the integration of science and business in Brazil, the development of storage and distribution infrastructure in India, government programming and top-down clustering in China, and support for export consortia in South Africa. Comparison with Russian practice allowed us to identify areas of institutional gaps: insufficient coordination between departments, weakness of the cooperative sector, and a shortage of long-term investment instruments. Recommendations are proposed for adapting foreign experience, including the development of industry-specific export consortia based on the South African model, the introduction of elements of Chinese program-oriented planning, the strengthening of the cooperative base based on the Brazilian model, and the creation of specialized agri-food development corporations based on the Indian type. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a comparative matrix of cluster policy models, which makes it possible to identify institutional solutions relevant to Russian conditions.
Keywords:cluster, agro-industrial cluster, BRICS countries, cluster policy, government support, clusterization models.
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