Comparative evaluation of the effect of laser radiation on the regeneration of periodontal tissues in an experimental morphometric study in vivo

Chunikhin A., Bazikyan E.

The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of complex therapy of model periodontitis in rats using a new generation nanosecond laser apparatus with a wavelength of 1265± 5 nm and photodynamic laser therapy with a wavelength of 660 nm using a morphometric study. Periodontitis was simulated in experimental animals (rats n = 70), divided into 3 groups - the main (n = 30), comparisons (n = 30) and controls (n = 10), and complex therapy of periodontitis. In the main group, using a nanosecond laser device for medical use with a wavelength of 1265 nm, a photodynamic laser therapy with a wavelength of 660 nm was used in the comparison group, only traditional therapy including mechanical curettage of periodontal pockets and antiseptic treatment was used in the control group. To conduct morphological studies, the animals were withdrawn from the experiment on days 7, 14 and 21. The results of a quantitative morphometric evaluation of the full-blood vessels in the periodontal ligament showed that the number of vessels in the periodontal ligament on day 7 in the main group was 2.8 ± 0.29, in the comparison group 5.3 ± 0.42; on day 14 in the main group 3.2 ± 0.30, in the comparison group 3.7 ± 0.26; on day 21 in the main group, the average number of full blood vessels in the field of view of the microscope was 5.2 ± 0.32; in the comparison group 1.8 ± 0.15, in the control group 2.2 ± 0.28 (p <0.05). The results of the morphometric study showed the high efficiency of a new photocoxotherapy technique without photosensitizers using laser nanosecond microsurgery in the treatment of periodontitis in rats compared with conventional photodynamic therapy. The use of a new technique of nanosecond laser therapy to complex therapy of periodontitis promotes the creation of reactive inflammation in tissues and stimulation of vascular growth to accelerate the regeneration of periodontal tissues.

Keywords:laser radiation, semiconductor laser, photodynamic effect, periodontitis, periodontal tissue regeneration