The use of indicators of molecular markers bcl-2, ki-67, p53 to assess the proliferative activity of gingival epithelial cells in patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis

Akimova Svetlana Anatolievna, Osipova Yulia Lvovna, Efremova Anastasia Vladimirovna, Frolova Kristina Evgenievna

Relevance and goals. To date, the incidence of inflammatory - destructive periodontal diseases is characterized by steady growth. Rapidly progressive periodontitis, as a disease that occurs at a young age (17-35 years) and characterized by an extremely severe course and an unfavorable prognosis, occupies a special place among inflammatory periodontal diseases. However, at present there is no unified understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms of this group of diseases, which largely determines the failure of the treatment. The purpose of the study was to determine the nature of the disturbances in the processes of cell renewal in the epithelium of the gingival mucosa in patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). Materials and methods. To solve the tasks, 70 patients were examined, 20 of whom have a healthy periodontium, 25 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of RPP; the comparison group consisted of 25 patients with chronic periodontitis. All patients underwent a standard periodontal examination and determination of ki-67 and bcl-2 proliferation indicators and apoptosis by the immunohistochemical method. Results. According to the results of the study, it was found that patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis have pronounced disturbances in the balanced course of proliferation processes and apoptotic death of gum mucosa epithelial cells. The nature of the disorders is expressed in a decrease in the ki-67 and bcl-2 indices and an increase in the apoptosis index, which indicates a sharp inhibition of the proliferation of epithelial cells against the background of the activation of their apoptotic death Conclusions. Violation of the maintenance of cellular hemostasis of periodontal tissues is an important link in the pathogenesis of rapidly progressive periodontitis. Actively proceeding apoptotic process with a marked decrease in the proliferative potential of epithelial cells indicates inhibition of reparative processes in tissues, which, of course, contributes to the progression of inflammatory and destructive processes in periodontal tissues, aggravation of the clinical manifestations of the disease.

Keywords:periodontitis; rapidly progressive periodontitis; inflammatory periodontal diseases; proliferation; ki-67; bcl-2; p53; apoptosis.