Risks and complications of IVF, methods for their prevention and treatment

Shustova Olesya Vyacheslavna

The article describes the procedure of in vitro fertilization (IVF), and also analyzes the main risks and complications associated with this procedure. It has been shown that the use of IVF is a significant risk factor for the formation of hypercoagulation, placenta previa, placental ingrowth, premature detachment of a normally located placenta, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, cholestasis, premature birth, low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia and mortality. The use of IVF is associated with a high frequency of operative delivery, bleeding in the antenatal period and in the third stage of labor, with an increased risk of hysterectomy, pulmonary embolism. Pregnant women after IVF are a high-risk group for early termination of pregnancy. Improving IVF methods over the past 15–20 years has led to an increase in the frequency of implantation of human embryos, which has led to an increase in the number of multiple pregnancies. Multiple pregnancy is a proven risk factor for the complicated course of pregnancy and childbirth and significantly increases the risk of maternal and perinatal complications. In this regard, the transfer of one embryo has become a priority for treatment with IVF methods. Unsuccessful IVF attempts are also a risk. The success of IVF programs in women under the age of 35 is much higher than in the late reproductive age. But at present, the protocols of stimulation of superovulation are actively being improved, taking into account the individual (including age) characteristics of patients. The basic principles of examination, correction and observation of pregnant women are described in the WHO recommendations.

Keywords:infertility, assisted reproductive technologies, in vitro fertilization, IVF, ICSI, IUI, effectiveness, complications, risks, prevention, elimination, pregnancy management.