Formation of the microbiota of full-term and premature newborns during spontaneous delivery and assessment of the metabolic activity of intestine lactobacilli

Petrova Olga Alexandrovna, Chervinets Vyacheslav Mihajlovich, Chervinets Yuliya Vyacheslavovna, Grigoryants Elina Olegovna

Goal. To monitor the composition of the microflora oral fluid, stomach and colon contents in full-term and premature newborns during spontaneous delivery and evaluate the metabolic activity of intestine lactobacilli. Material and methods. The study included the main group (60 preterm infants) and the control group (40 full-term infants). A bacteriological study was performed using optimal nutrient media (HiMedia) and identification systems (bio Mérieux Vitek, Inc). Primary material sampling was performed in the first 3-6 days of the child's life. Results. Gastro intestinal tract and oral fluid of premature newborns were characterized by dysbiosis of 1-2 degrees. Opportunistic microorganisms predominate in the oral fluid of premature newborns. The frequency of Bifidobacterium spp. in the stomach contents in premature infants was 3 times less than in full-term infants, and Lactobacillus spp. were allocated 1.5 times more than premature newborns. Bifidobacterium spp. in the contents of the large intestine in premature infants were allocated approximately 2 times less than full-term, and Lactobacillus spp. 1.3 times also less than full-term. In premature infants, fungi of the genus Candida were detected, which were practically not found in full-term infants. In the course of their life, lactobacilli produce gas molecules. Among them, nitric oxide (NO) was the most predominant, and was produced 10 times more in premature newborns. Conclusion. Gestational age effects on the formation the microbiota. In premature newborns in the oral fluid and in the gastrointestinal tract, was detected a decrease in the frequency and amount in normal microflora (bifidumbacteria, lactobacilli), and an increase of the same parameters of opportunistic microflora: S. aureus, Clostridium spp., Klebsiella spp., Bacteroides spp., Veillonella spp., Candida albicans. Lactobacillus spp. isolated from the gastrointestinal tract and Staphylococcus spp. from GIT of premature babies secrete nitric oxide in greater quantities than in full-term babies.

Keywords:microbiota, newborns, premature babies, spontaneous labor, lactobacilli.