Modern concepts of nonchemical dependences: classification, pathogenesis, ways of correction (overview)

Rudenko Sergey Vyacheslavovich, Pogodina Tatiana Grigorievna, Suslov Alexander Gennadievich, Zanozin Andrew Vladimirovich

The study is devoted to modern concepts of non-chemical addictions that have a negative impact on the development of a person's personality. Unlike chemical addictions, where the object of addiction is a surfactant, with nonsubstantial (non-chemical) addictions, it becomes a behavioral pattern. The article systematizes various classifications of non-chemical dependencies, highlights their place in ICD 10. It is revealed that genetic, social, psychological, biological and neurophysiological risk factors are distinguished in the pathogenesis of their occurrence and development. Thus, the neurophysiological mechanism of the formation of non-chemical dependence is based on the fact that a "failure" of the positive reinforcement system occurs, as a result of which a large amount of dopamine is released, the stress system and impulsive behavior are activated. The result of the formation of non-chemical addictions for the subject can be the development of various disorders and personality deformations, such as destruction of the system of motives, values and individual morality, exacerbation of accentuations, an increase in anxiety, aggressiveness, etc. All this can lead to the development of social maladjustment. It has been established that the ways of correction include psychotherapy, psychopharmacotherapy or their combination. Understanding the mechanisms underlying dominant motivation and decision-making is key to successfully treating non-chemical addictive disorders.

Keywords:Non-chemical addictions, behavioral addictions, addiction, mechanisms of formation, correction.