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Currently, botulinum toxin (BT) preparations are widely used in cosmetology, plastic and reconstructive surgery, mainly for aesthetic reasons. BT injections are the most frequently performed cosmetic procedure all over the world, as they have the ability to quickly cope with the most common problem of a million women - age and expression wrinkles. However, the frequency of "unaesthetic" use of this drug has grown steadily over the past two decades and covers many specialties, including therapy, urology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, gynecology, general surgery and neurology. But, despite all the diversity of its application and effectiveness, the possibilities of BT in these areas, unfortunately, remain in the shadows, which is primarily associated with the active popularization of aesthetic medicine in general. That is why the purpose of this review was to consider the latest, unaesthetic indications for the use of BT with an emphasis on evidence-based medicine data. The German physician Justin Kerner (1786-1862) was the first to develop the idea of a possible therapeutic use of BT. In 1973, Scott first used botulinum toxin to treat strabismus at the Smith Kettewell Eye Research Center. In 2001, the UK approved BT for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis and Canada for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis and focal muscle spasticity. Since July 2004, BT has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis and chronic migraine [6].
Keywords:botox, botulinum toxin A, neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity, achalasia of the cardia, diabetic mononeuropathy, Covid-19.
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