Features of the choice of the prescription of braces and the size of metal arches in the orthodontic treatment of dental anomalies

Orlova I. V., Rozhkova M. G., Fishchev S. B., Lepilin A. V., Sevastyanov A. V., Puzdyreva M. N., Shishko T. V., Kuzmina L. V.

Relevance. The features of the choice of metal arches and their change in the dynamics of orthodontic treatment are analyzed in detail by both domestic and foreign specialists. It is noted that the choice of metal arches is the most important part of the mechanics at all stages of treatment and determines the planned shape and size of dental arches. Each metal arc has a power characteristic determined by the type of material, the cross-section of the wire, its shape and size. Choosing the shape and size of metal arches, specialists plan treatment depending on the shape of the dental arch, which will be after treatment. The purpose of the study. Improving the effectiveness of treatment of patients with anomalies of the shape and size of the dentofacial arches by justifying the choice of the prescription of braces and the size of metal arches in orthodontic treatment with the edgeways technique, taking into account the individual parameters of the maxillofacial region. Materials and methods. In accordance with the developed methodology for determining the individual dimensions of the dentoalveolar arches, 3 main groups are distinguished. The first group included patients who were treated with braces with a standard torc; in patients of the second group, braces with a "low" torc were used, and in the third group – with a "high torc". The patients of each group were divided into three subgroups. The patients of the first subgroup underwent orthodontic treatment using the edgeways technique using small arcs, in the second subgroup a medium – sized arc was used, and in the third subgroup a large arc was used. Results and discussion. For all forms of dentoalveolar arches, the size of the upper teeth prevailed over similar parameters of the lower ones, but the full Bolton ratio was within the normal range. The data obtained indicated that the size of the upper teeth corresponded to the antagonists. It should be noted that the size of the teeth had slight differences in different variants of the shape of the dental arches and met the criteria of macro-, micro- and normodontism. Conclusions. In people with mesognathic normodont, dolichognatic microdont, and brachignatic macrodont forms of the dentoalveolar arches, the values of the angles of the vestibular-lingual incline corresponded to the "standard" torc values.

Keywords:braces, torc, metal arches, plaster models, dentition, orthodontic treatment.