Justification of non-extractive methods of orthodontic treatment of patients

Sevastyanov A. V., Rozhkova M. G., Fishchev S. B., Lepilin A. V., Orlova I. V., Puzdyreva M. N., Vasilyeva N. A., Shtorina A. A.

Relevance. An alternative to tooth extraction is to normalize the shape of the dental arches, by increasing their size in the sagittal and transversal directions. In the treatment of skeletal forms of anomalies, an alternative to tooth extraction is to modify the growth of the jaws by orthodontic methods or change the size and position of the jaws by surgical methods. In some cases, a combination of these methods of treatment is recommended. The purpose of the study. Optimization of non-extraction methods of treatment of patients, the first period of adulthood, with anomalies of the shape and size of the dental arches in accordance with the morphometric and functional parameters of the craniofacial complex. Materials and methods. When performing this work, 1,493 people, the first period of adulthood, residents of St. Petersburg were examined. The comparison group consisted of 1115 people, it included 828 patients with physiological occlusion of permanent teeth and various variants of the shape and size of the dental arches (dolicho -, brachi-and mesognathic with their normal, macro-and microdontism). Various forms of optimal functional occlusion were determined in 287 people. The main methods of the clinical trial were carried out according to generally accepted methods in accordance with the protocol. Morphometric data, functional and aesthetic disorders were evaluated. An objective examination of the organs of the maxillofacial region was carried out, taking into account the recommendations of specialists. Results and discussion. Variability in the size of permanent teeth was found in all varieties of dental arches. For each of the 9 forms of dental arches, the main biometric parameters were characteristic, which can be used to determine the size of metal arches used at various stages of orthodontic treatment. Conclusions. Based on the morphometric parameters of the maxillofacial region, a classification of dental arches in physiological occlusion of permanent teeth is proposed. There are 9 main forms of dental arches: mesognatic normodont, mesognatic microdont, mesognatic macrodont, dolichognatic normodont, dolichognatic microdont, dolichognatic macrodont, brachignatic normodont, brachignatic microdont, brachignatic macrodont.

Keywords:braces, plaster models, dentition, orthodontic treatment, metal arches.