Acute calculous cholecystitis etiopathogenesis, classification, clinic (lecture)

Yashnov A., Konovalova O., Hanina J., Burtseva M., Passonen E.

Acute calculous cholecystitis, as one of the most dangerous complications of cholelithiasis, remains an urgent and not fully understood problem of emergency abdominal surgery. It should be noted that acute calculous cholecystitis, according to Russian scientists, is diagnosed in every second patient with calculous cholecystitis. This article reflects the latest information about the etiopathogenesis of cholelithiasis. Two main theories of the occurrence of cholelithiasis are revealed. The main mechanisms of the pathogenesis of acute calculous cholecystitis are described. The full clinical picture of this pathology, with the main syndromes of the disease, is presented. At the same time, the main methods of laboratory and intsrumental diagnostics are disclosed. All diagnostic methods are described with a reflection of the advantages of performing for the diagnosis of this pathology. The article reflects modern methods of treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis with a description of the advantages and disadvantages. Thus, the article reflects a sufficient review of the literature on such a serious and significant disease in emergency abdominal surgery as acute calculous cholecystitis. The article serves as a full-fledged source of information collected using the research of both domestic and foreign scientists.

Keywords:gallstone disease, cholelithiasis, acute calculous cholecystitis, etiology and pathogenesis of cholelithiasis, the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis treatment of acute cholecystitis.