Features of determining the shape and size of dental arches

Puzdyreva M. N., Rozhkova M. G., Fishchev S. B., Lepilin A. V., Sevastyanov A. V., Subbotin R. S., Popov V. P.

Relevance. Currently, in orthodontics, it is difficult to predict the size of dental arches with anomalies of their shape and size. There is very little information on the assessment of the compliance of the sizes of teeth and dental arches with the individual parameters of the head and face. No clear algorithms have been developed for the study of abnormal dental arches to determine the tactics of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the study. Improving the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of occlusion anomalies in patients by optimizing methods for determining the shape and size of dental arches. Material and methods. The first group included patients with normodontism of permanent teeth, the second group – with macrodontism, and the third group-with microdontism. In each group, subgroups were identified depending on the gnatic type of dental arches (mesognatic, brachygnatic, and dolichognatic). Original methods for assessing the dental status that are important for clinical dentistry, in particular for orthodontics, are proposed. The results of the study. The results of the study of patients with physiological occlusion of permanent teeth showed that in people with normodont types of dental arches, their main linear parameters were different in meso -, brachy-and dolichognathia, despite the uniformity of odontometric indicators. In accordance with the objectives of the study, to determine the effectiveness of diagnostics and optimization of research methods, for us, the most significant value was not the absolute values of linear parameters, but the difference between the actual and calculated values, which had both negative and positive values. Conclusions. We recommend that you determine the dental type of dental arches when comparing three main indicators: the diagonal of the face, the sum of the width of the crowns of fourteen teeth, and the average modulus of the molar crowns. We recommend comparing the gnatic type of the face with the gnatic type of the dental arches to determine the discrepancy between the specified parameters.

Keywords:malocclusion and malformation, shape and size of dental arches, orthodontics.