Dynamics of microcirculation indices in gum tissues at the stages of teeth protrusion orthodontic treatment against the background of moderate severity generalized periodontitis

Evnevich Kirill Andreevich

Relevance. According to literature data, dental anomalies and deformities occupy one of the leading places among the causes of periodontal diseases being revealed in 63% of patients. One third of this group of patients need specialized orthodontic treatment. Periodontal disease most frequently occurs alongside with teeth position anomalies of varying severity. Crowded position of the anterior teeth accounts for 73% of cases, and protrusion - for 67%. Research data suggest that the use of laser Doppler flowmetry makes it possible to investigate not only the functional state of blood circulation in gum tissues but also its dynamics during therapy and to analyze the effectiveness of the use of various means and methods of exposure. Objective: to conduct a comparative analysis of hemodynamics in the gums according to laser Doppler flowmetry in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity and in patients with healthy periodontium at the stages of orthodontic treatment. Material and methods: Examination and complex treatment of 70 patients aged 35-44 years with protrusion of the frontal group of teeth was carried out, the patients being divided into 3 groups. The first group (comparison group) included 20 patients with healthy periodontium, the second (main group) - 50 patients with moderate severity periodontitis. This group was divided into subgroups 2a and 2b, depending on the type of traction used in orthodontic correction. Results. In first group patients, the values of the indices of gingival mucosa capillary blood flow characterize the blood circulation in the gingival microvessels as effective, allowing the periodontal tissues to function in the optimal mode. In patients with moderate severity periodontitis (group 2), the results obtained differ significantly, which indicates a decrease in tissue oxygen saturation, a 22% decrease in the intensity of capillaries blood flow, and the functional state of the periodontium. Conclusions. The results of the study made it possible to identify a number of regularities. The parameters of gingival mucosa capillary blood flow in patients with moderate severity generalized periodontitis are reduced by 22% compared to healthy periodontium. The degree of decrease in the values of blood microcirculation in the gingival mucosa depends on the magnitude of the applied orthodontic force.

Keywords:orthodontic correction, dentoalveolar deformities, periodontitis, microcirculation of blood in the gum, protrusion.