Comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of atmospheric air in Birsk of Republic of Bashkortostan

Shmelev N. A., Samoylova T. A.

In this article, the ecological state of the atmospheric air of the city of Birsk of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2021 is assessed. The concentrations of pollutants (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxide (IV), hydrocarbons were measured using a gas analyzer. The number of resin passages in the pine needles was studied, based on which the coefficient of endogenous variability characterizing the ecological state of the environment was calculated. The studies were carried out in areas of the city with different anthropogenic loads, as well as in different seasons, to conduct a comparative analysis and identify correlations between not only the morphological characteristics of pine trees, but also their changes in different seasons of the year. The concentration of hydrocarbons in the air significantly exceeded the MPC, the concentrations of other pollutants were significantly lower than the standards. Assessing the studied territory by the degree of air purity, that in all the studied territories (except site No. 4 – the background pollution zone), an average coefficient of endogenous variability is observed. These results also indicate the average air pollution, which is also evidenced by the results of the analysis of the gas composition. In addition, it should be noted that the coefficient of endogenous variability of the forest park zone is on the border with "elevated", which indicates the highest air pollution in this area. Correlation analysis indicates a direct relationship of such morphological features as: the number of resin passages and the length of the needles, between the number of resin passages and the cross-sectional area, and the width of the needles. These indicators directly depend on the pollution of the atmosphere, as pollutants affect the number of resin passages.

Keywords:GANK-4 gas analyzer; pollutants; coefficient of endogenous variability; resin passages; scots pine; bioindication; correlation; Fisher coefficient.