THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIODONTITIS, PNEUMONIA AND COVID-19

Yakupova K. I., Yakupova R. A., Malikhova A. F., Khafizova P. V., Sultanova E. I., Asfandiyarova I. V.

Periodontitis is an irreversible chronic inflammatory disease of the supporting apparatus of the tooth, including the alveolar bone, gum and periodontal ligament. The pathogenesis of periodontitis is characterized by a violation of the interaction of the host and opportunistic microorganisms, which leads to the proliferation of periodontal pathogens, in particular orphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia, with subsequent destruction of periodontal tissue. The incidence of chronic periodontal tissue diseases in the adult population has reached 98%.Oral pathogens, including periodontal pathogenic bacteria, can enter the lungs by aspiration. Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been suggestions that periodontitis also has a direct connection with COVID-19. A large amount of evidence has demonstrated that the oral cavity is a source of pathogens that can spread hematogenically. Over the past year, there has been increasing evidence that several areas of the oral cavity, including periodontal pockets, can contain and reproduce SARS-CoV-2, which requires additional research to clarify the relationship between periodontitis and COVID-19. In addition, oral care measures should be taken to reduce the microbial burden and the risk of the spread of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the incidence of respiratory infections in a more global sense.

Keywords:periodontitis, pneumonia, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, microbiome