MODERN REALITIES: PLACENTAL GROWTH FACTOR AS AN EARLY PREDICTOR OF PREECLAMPSIA

Penzhoyan Grigory Artemovich, Kazanchi Fatima Baizetovna, Andreeva Margarita Darchoevna

Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, which is accompanied by an increase in blood pressure and protein levels in the urine (BP more than 140/90; more than 0.3 g of proteinuria in daily urine). It is believed that preeclampsia develops as a result of a violation of the process of differentiation and invasion of the trophoblast in early pregnancy, which leads to a number of pathological changes in the body of a pregnant woman (arterial hypertension, endothelial dysfunction of the placental vessels, etc.). To date, among the factors in the development of preeclampsia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, first birth, kidney disease, and a woman's age over 40 years have been identified. All of the above points to the need for early detection of preeclampsia, while today there are innovative methods that can be used to suspect preeclampsia at the stages preceding the appearance of protein in the urine and increased blood pressure, in fact, one of these methods is the test for placental growth factor. PFR is one of the proteins of the family of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF, from the English vascular endothelial growth factor). PFR is produced by trophoblast and has a pronounced angiogenic potential. Angiogenesis is a key process in the development of the placental vascular system. Normally, the concentration of PFR gradually increases by the 30th week of pregnancy. On the contrary, preeclampsia is characterized by a low concentration of PGF. Moreover, it was found that a decrease in the concentration of PGF precedes the appearance of clinical signs of preeclampsia. One study showed that a low PGF level at 20–35 weeks was a sensitive marker for the development of preeclampsia in the next 2 weeks. It is believed that changes in the concentration of PGF are not the cause of pathological changes in the placenta, but occur secondary in response to developing placental insufficiency. It is believed that changes in the concentration of PGF are not the cause of pathological changes in the placenta, but occur secondary in response to developing placental insufficiency. The PGF test can be supplemented by tests for other markers of preeclampsia, such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and plasma pregnancy-associated protein A (PAPP-A).

Keywords:placental growth factor, diagnosis of preeclampsia, PGF concentration