FEATURES OF THE NORM AND PATHOLOGY OF HISTO-GENETIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX

Tsekhomsky Alexander Vyacheslavovich, Malai Dmitry Alexandrovich, Kovtunovskaya Irina Vladimirovna

The adrenal glands are paired organs located at the upper (apical) poles of the kidneys and immersed in the amniotic adipose tissue. Covered with fascia. They have the shape of a crescent, covered with a dense capsule of connective tissue. Each adrenal gland consists of parenchyma, which has two layers: the medulla (red-yellow in normal condition), lying in the center of the gland, and the cortical substance (or yellowish cortex), located superficially. The cells of the cortical substance have a typical structure for cells that actively synthesize steroids, i.e. acidophilic coloration, the nuclei are centrally located, ultrastructural microscopy reveals a well-developed agrAPS with a large number of enzymes necessary for the synthesis of cholesterol and posttranslational modification of the prohormone – pregnenolone. The cortical substance is divided into three well-differentiated zones, located sequentially: glomerular, bundle and mesh. All three zones develop from a section of the mesentery coelomic epithelium at the 5th week of embryogenesis. During development, the adrenal cortex undergoes significant changes, during which deviations and disorders associated with the incorrect course of pregnancy, the influence of teratogenic factors and a deficiency of structural and regulatory elements in the embryo's body are possible. In this article we will consider the main features of the histo-genetic development of the tissues of the adrenal cortex in normal and pathological conditions. The result of the study will be a detailed overview of the embryonic development of the adrenal cortex, as well as the development of pathological processes associated with it.

Keywords:adrenal glands, cortical substance, histogenesis, embryonic development, pathological process