ANALYSIS OF POLYMORPHISM OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION GENES SOD1 B SOD2 IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER IN KABARDINO-BALKARIA

Bittueva Madina Mukhamatovna, Dzamikhova Albina Zaurbievna

Excess formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of the antioxidant system of the cell lead to the development of various pathological conditions of the body, including malignant neoplasms. Increased production of reactive oxygen species in cancer cells as a result of oncogenic signaling and metabolic disorders leads to increased cellular antioxidant capacity to maintain ROS levels below the toxic threshold. The main components of antioxidant protection are the enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione transferase (GSTM, GSTP), etc. Superoxide dismutase is found in all aerobic organisms and is present in two types - SOD1 and SOD2. Superoxide dismutase is involved in the protection of cells from the damaging effects of the superoxide anion radical and is the main component of the cell's antioxidant system. In this work, we studied the role of polymorphic variants of the antioxidant protection genes SOD1 (G7958A) and SOD2 (Ala16Val) in the development of malignant neoplasms in patients with breast cancer in the population of Kabardino-Balkaria. Also, the purpose of our study is to analyze scientific data on the participation of SOD1 and SOD2 gene products in the development of oncopathologies in different population groups. The study of the antioxidant system in cancer cells is also an urgent task, since one of the important areas of oncology is the development of an anticancer strategy that combines the use of drugs that cause high levels of ROS with compounds that suppress the cellular antioxidant capacity.

Keywords:antioxidant system, reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn-SOD1, Mn-SOD2, gene polymorphism