FORMATION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE HUMAN BODY

Morozovа Anastasiya Sergeevna, Labzina Margarita Vladimirovna, Morozov Maksim Vladimirovich, Kiyaeva Tatyana Aleksandrovna, Setyaeva Juliya Igorevna, Kizhapkina Sofia Vasil’evna, Emel’yanov Andrei Aleksandrovich

The resulting specialized (differentiated) cells cannot exist independently, so they begin to cooperate, forming tissues and organs. In the formation of organs, cell membranes play an important role through intermediate processes: cell contacts, adhesion, and aggregation. The original experiment, which proves the ability of embryonic tissues to self-determination, encoded in ontogenesis, deserves attention and admiration. Four different tissues of the amphibian embryo were taken: the epidermis, the neural plates, the region of the neural folds, and the cells of the intestinal ectoderm. Cells were randomly disaggregated and mixed. After some time, they gradually began to sort out, and this process continued until three layers were formed: the upper one was the epidermal layer of tissue, the middle one was the neural tube, the lower one was the accumulation of endodermal cells, i.e. selective sorting was observed - cell segregation. At present, it is known that the development of organs and the embryo as a whole is organized by the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

Keywords:morphogenesis, nervous system, neural tube, embryo formation