FEATURES OF BREEDING BEE FAMILIES OF CENTRAL RUSSIAN AND CARPATHIAN BREEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHWEST RUSSIA

Ivankov Vladimir Alekseevich

The purpose of this review was to analyze the features of selection of Central Russian and Carpathian bee breeds in the conditions of North-West Russia. Central Russian bees have positive (frost resistance, fertility, disease resistance) and negative (viciousness and pronounced ability to swarm, etc.) properties. Among the positive properties of the Carpathian breed, it is worth mentioning weak aggressiveness and swarming, high performance and resistance to hive pests. Their main disadvantage is their moderate frost resistance - during the cold period they need control and care. The measures to restore beekeeping, which began in the post-war period, led to a large percentage of crossbreeding of breeds, which in turn led to a number of negative effects: a decrease in winter hardiness, egg production and resistance to pathogens in the Central Russian bee. Currently, to preserve the purity of the breeds, a set of measures is being carried out, including the restoration of the geno- and phenotypic properties of bees and the creation of zones for the preservation of purebred lines: for the Central Russian - the northern regions of the European part of Russia and Siberia, for the Carpathian - the Transcarpathian region.

Keywords:bees, selection, Central Russian breed, Carpathian breed, exterior properties.