GENE POLYMORPHISM, SPORTS AND DISEASES OF ATHLETES

Velichko Tatyana Ivanovna, Markova Olga Alexandrovna, Mikhailyuk Elena Igorevna, Vanina Olesya Sergeevna

The purpose of the review is to analyze the results of research on the molecular genetics of sports. Analysis of the literature data has shown that there are known polymorphisms of genes associated with predisposition to various sports (aimed at developing endurance, speed and strength) and susceptibility to certain diseases. Genetic factors, along with environmental factors, play an important role in determining individual differences in the development and manifestation of physical qualities and adaptive capabilities of a person. The results of studies of the influence of polymorphic genes on phenotypes significant in the conditions of sports activity make it possible to modernize the system of medical and genetic support for physical culture and sports, taking into account the assessment of the genetic potential of the athlete's body, to put into practice assistance in planning and correcting the training process of athletes.

Keywords:gene polymorphism, genetic markers of physical activity, genetic markers of athletes' pathologies