ICRORNAS IN MODERN LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Chivirgina T. V., Chernysheva E. N., Magomedova M. R.

microRNAs are a class of short (19-24 nucleotides) non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that regulate mammalian gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. microRNAs are involved in the regulation of such important biological processes as cell growth and differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis, and the immune response. Changes in microRNA expression are observed in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological, mental disorders, autoimmune diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Clinical studies have proven that microRNAs can act as biomarkers and changes in their expression level can be used to diagnose diseases, including for early detection of a tumor/pathological process, assessment of disease prognosis and early detection of relapses, monitoring the effectiveness of therapy, including radiation and chemotherapy.

Keywords:microRNAs are a class of short (19-24 nucleotides) non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that regulate mammalian gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. microRNAs are involved in the regulation of such important biological processes as cell growth and differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis, and the immune response. Changes in microRNA expression are observed in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological, mental disorders, autoimmune diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Clinical studies have proven that microRNAs can act as biomarkers and changes in their expression level can be used to diagnose diseases, including for early detection of a tumor/pathological process, assessment of disease prognosis and early detection of relapses, monitoring the effectiveness of therapy, including radiation and chemotherapy.