HISTOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FEATURES OF BONE TISSUE REGENERATION USING BIOACTIVE MATERIALS

Arsakhanova Gayna Abdullovna, Abdurashidova Luisa Khamzatovna

Introduction. The development of new bioactive materials for bone tissue regeneration is an urgent task of modern medicine. The aim of the study was to study the histological and molecular features of bone tissue regeneration using bioactive materials based on hydroxyapatite and collagen. Methods. The study was conducted on 30 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 3 groups: a control group with hydroxyapatite implantation and with hydroxyapatite-collagen composite implantation. The femoral defect was modeled by drilling a hole with a diameter of 2 mm. Histological examination was performed on the 10th, 30th and 60th days after surgery. The expression of type I collagen (Col1a1), osteocalcin (Bglap), alkaline phosphatase (Alpl) and osteopontin (Spp1) genes was evaluated by real-time PCR. Results. Implantation of bioactive materials accelerated bone regeneration. On the 30th day, the formation of bone trabeculae was observed in the groups with implants, and on the 60th day the defect was completely filled with newly formed bone. The hydroxyapatite-collagen composite demonstrated better biocompatibility and osteoinductivity compared to pure hydroxyapatite. The expression of the Col1a1, Bglap, Alpl and Spp1 genes was significantly higher in the groups with implants at all periods of the experiment. Discussion. Bioactive materials based on hydroxyapatite and collagen have demonstrated high efficiency in stimulating bone regeneration. The combination of osteoconductive properties of hydroxyapatite and the biological activity of collagen provides optimal conditions for adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bone tissue cells. The results obtained open up prospects for the development of new biomaterials with improved osteoinductive characteristics.

Keywords:bone regeneration, bioactive materials, hydroxyapatite, collagen, histology, gene expression