OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME AND OCCLUSIVE DISORDERS: BIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

Roshchin Evgeny Mikhailovich

Introduction. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and occlusive disorders are widespread pathologies that significantly worsen the quality of life of patients. Current evidence indicates close bi-directional relationships between these conditions, but the exact mechanisms and therapeutic approaches remain poorly understood. The aim of the study is to conduct an in-depth analysis of the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of the interaction of OSA and occlusive pathology, to develop personalized protocols for their diagnosis and treatment. Methods. A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases (2010-2023). A prospective cohort study of 120 patients with OSA and occlusive disorders was conducted. The diagnosis included polysomnography, cephalometry, MRI of the upper respiratory tract, and myography of the masticatory muscles. The treatment was based on a combination of oral applicators, myofunctional therapy and orthodontic correction, the effectiveness was evaluated after 6-12 months. Results. Occlusive pathology was detected in 78% of patients with OSA. Distal occlusion, deep occlusion and asymmetry of the dentition are associated with an increase in the frequency of apnea/hypopnea by 49%, 56% and 62%, respectively (p<0.05). Personalized therapy provided a reduction of OSA (a decrease in the apnea/hypopnea index by 70%, an increase in SpO2 by 15%) and an improvement in occlusive parameters in 92% of patients.

Keywords:obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, occlusive disorders, cephalometry, oral applicators, myofunctional therapy, personalized medicine