CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN SEVERE TROPICAL MALARIA CASES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BENIN

Yaya L., Martynov A. Yu.

Severe tropical malaria remains one of the leading causes of mortality in endemic regions. One of the most serious complications is acute kidney injury (AKI), which develops in 20-40% of patients with severe disease. The pathogenesis is based on mechanisms including intravascular hemolysis, endothelial dysfunction, impaired microcirculation, hypovolemia and hyperactivation of the immune response. A study conducted in the Republic of Benin showed that men aged 20-40 years are most susceptible to severe malaria. The most common clinical manifestations were jaundice (30.15%), impaired general condition (21.32%) and hemoglobinuria (21.32%). AKI was observed in 45 patients, 29 patients required renal replacement therapy. Mortality was 12.5%. The mainstay of treatment was antimalarial therapy (artesunate), supportive care (infusions, antibiotics, dialysis) and symptomatic treatment. The findings highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of severe malaria to reduce mortality and improve outcomes.

Keywords:Severe malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, acute kidney injury, intravascular hemolysis, immune response, Republic of Benin, malaria treatment