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The article examines the effect of antibacterial drugs belonging to the group of fluoroquinolones on the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of plant organisms. Fluoroquinolones enter the soil with manure and sewage sludge, where they accumulate and have an adverse effect on the microbiota. The spread of various types of antibiotics, and especially ciprofloxacin, leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, which causes a decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotics as agents for the treatment of human and animal diseases and affects the microbiota of higher plants. It has been shown that plants not only directly affect the transport of antibiotics in the soil, absorbing and accumulating them, but also depend on antibiotics themselves, which affect the microorganisms of the rhizosphere and phyllosphere, enzymes and root secretions, causing the migration of antibiotics. The antibiotic ciprofloxacin, significantly altering the mechanisms of photosynthesis and respiration, causes toxic effects in plants. It is noted that when a soil solution with fluoroquinolones is absorbed, they are easily absorbed and quickly accumulate first in the roots of plants, and then transferred to the aboveground part of the plant, where they accumulate. Moreover, woody plants have a better ability to absorb antibiotics, because they have a higher absorption potential. Fluoroquinolones can cause resistance in soil microorganisms, inhibit cellular protein synthesis and subsequently affect cell proliferation. Ciprofloxacin inhibits the formation of tRNA, which blocks the process of protein synthesis. In addition, antibiotics can alter the structure of the microbial community of the rhizosphere and phyllosphere by interfering with the energy metabolism of microorganisms and the metabolic system.
Keywords:Antibacterial drugs, fluoroquinolones, plant rhizosphere, plant phyllosphere, ciprofloxacin, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, microbiota of higher plants.
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