ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Berdysh Denis Sergeevich, Yedygova Azida Baizetovna

The study analyzes the dynamics of the development of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in Russia over the years 2020-2024, identifying key trends and prospects of the industry. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a temporary decline of 10.2% in 2020, but already in 2021 an active recovery began with an increase of 9.3%. By 2024, the number of ART cycles had not only recovered, but also exceeded the expected figures, reaching record levels due to the development of medical technologies and increased accessibility. The main trends include an increase in the proportion of thawed embryo transfer (from 33% to 35%) due to improved cryopreservation, an increase in the use of ICSI (from 30.6% to 31%) and the stable use of classical IVF (about 22%). Special attention is paid to improving the effectiveness of the methods: the incidence of pregnancy during the transfer of thawed embryos increased from 41.3% to 44%, with ICSI - from 29.1% to 32%, with classical IVF - from 28.9% to 31.5%, which indicates significant progress in laboratory technology. A significant achievement was the reduction of multiple pregnancies due to an increase in the proportion of single embryo transfers from 65.3% to 72%, which meets international safety standards. At the same time, there has been an increase in the use of blastocysts from 70% to 85% of cycles, which has increased the overall effectiveness of procedures due to better implantation. Age-related issues remain relevant: in women over 40, success rates are 2-3 times lower than in patients under 35, which requires the development of special protocols. Promising areas include preimplantation genetic testing (an increase from 8.5% to 12% cycles), cryopreservation of oocytes (an increase of 15%), and the introduction of artificial intelligence to evaluate embryos. The study highlights the need for further development of the ART system, including increased government support, the development of specialized protocols for age-related patients, and increased technology availability. The Russian ART system, having achieved international quality standards, requires an integrated approach to ensure sustainable development and equal accessibility for all categories of patients, which will contribute to solving the country's demographic challenges.

Keywords:ART, IVF, ICSI, cryopreservation, PHT