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Currently, there is increasing evidence of the pathogenetic significance of the intestinal microbiome in the development of colorectal cancer. The purpose of the study. Analysis of current understanding of the intestinal microbiota in colorectal cancer, including the possibilities of clinical application of this knowledge and known methods for stratifying the risk of disease development, through the use of intestinal strains as biomarkers. An analysis of the literature was carried out in the following electronic scientific databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Springer, Scopus, Cyberleninka, elibrary.ru - for the period from 2011 to 2024. The review included original research results, reviews, and meta-analyses. Editorials аrticles, conference abstracts, and letters to the editor were excluded. Protocols studies, interim results of ongoing studies were included. Key words used to define the terms of participation in the review: ‘intestinal microbiome’, “colorectal cancer”, “metagenomic research”, “bowel cancer”,‘microbiota transplantation’, “colorectal cancer markers”, “probiotics”, ‘prebiotics.’ Priority was given to articles published within three and five years prior to the writing of the review, as well as original studies investigating the microbiota in colorectal cancer. Microbiota features in colorectal cancer by means of modern methods of sequencing; and studies demonstrating the clinical application of knowledge of disease-specific changes in the gut microbiome, and non-invasive methods of predicting disease progression by recording the enrichment/deficiency of specific strains. The analysis of literature data shows the involvement of the intestinal microbiome in carcinogenesis, changes in the taxonomic composition of the microbiome associated with colorectal cancer. In particular, colorectal cancer is accompanied by changes in the abundance of F. nucleatum, B. fragilis, P. micra, S. moorei and P. Stomatis, A. fingoldii, P. asaccharolytica, R. intestinalis and F. Prausnitzii. This knowledge has been successfully applied in clinical practice, by complementing traditional therapeutic strategies with pro- and prebiotics, and the possibility of fecal transplantation is being actively explored. In addition, new methods for predicting and diagnosing the disease are being developed by analyzing changes in the microbiome. The described scientific results may be useful in future studies to confirm the association of the microbiome with colorectal cancer, develop new therapeutic strategies and prognostic approaches.
Keywords:intestinal microbiome, colorectal cancer, metagenomic studies, microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, markers of colorectal cancer.
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