MORPHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF BONE TISSUE DURING OPERATIONS TO INCREASE THE BONE TISSUE OF THE JAW BY AUTOPLASTY AND DIRECTED BONE REGENERATION

Tsvetkov Yuri Andreevich, Bessonov Sergey Nikolaevich, Tsvetkov Andrey Vasilyevich, Galstyan Samvel Galustovich, Timofeev Evgeny Vladimirovich, Rumyantsev Nikita Vyacheslavovich

Report. Introduction. Reconstructive surgery of AOH includes various techniques using autografts and bone replacement materials to restore bone insufficiency. Goal. To carry out a morphometric analysis of trepanobioptates of bone tissue in the area of augmentation performed by autoplasty and directed bone regeneration 6 months after surgery. Materials and methods. 43 patients with atrophy of the alveolar process of the jaws were examined. According to the results of clinical and X-ray examination, according to the classification of Mich C. E., Judi K. W. M. (1985), two groups were distinguished depending on the degree of atrophy of the alveolar process (part) of the jaw. The first group included 22 patients with mild to moderate atrophy (grade B), sufficient in height and from 2 to 4 mm wide. The second group included 21 patients with moderate atrophy (grade C), the bone volume was insufficient in height – less than 8-10 mm or in height and width from 2 to 4 mm. Results. In group I patients, 6 months after autoplasty surgery, well-formed mature bone tissue with Havers channels and collagen fibers was observed. During histological examination of group II patients, most trepanobioptates have a mosaic pattern, where areas with well-preserved osteocytes (viable) are closely connected to areas of necrotic tissue, in which empty lacunae predominate. Conclusions: The use of autografts of donor bone for reconstructive operations ensures good integration and restoration of bone tissue. Osteoclasts and macrophages play an important role in the process of resorption and regeneration, and fibroblasts contribute to the replacement of bone material with connective tissue. These processes make it possible to restore bone structure and function, which makes autotransplantation of donor bone an effective method of treating patients with various bone defects.

Keywords:histology, bone, atrophy of alveolar bone tissue, augmentation