EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN THE ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF DENTAL ANOMALIES: NEW HORIZONS OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

Roshchin Evgeny Mikhailovich

Relevance. Maxillary anomalies (DFA) are a common problem that significantly affects the quality of life. Despite the progress in the study of genetic factors of HPV, the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms remains poorly understood. The aim of the work is to analyze the role of epigenetic regulation in the etiology and pathogenesis of HPV and to assess the prospects for using this knowledge to improve prevention and treatment. Methods. A systematic analysis of publications in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases on the keywords "malocclusion", "epigenetics", "DNA methylation", "histone modifications", "miRNA" for 2010-2023 was carried out. A critical analysis of relevant studies (n=54) was performed with an assessment of their methodological quality. Results. Data are accumulating on the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of HPV. Characteristic patterns of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA profiles are associated with an increased risk of distal occlusion (OR=3.5; 95%CI 1.8-6.6), deep occlusion (OR=2.2; 95%CI 1.4-3.7) and open (OR=5.3; 95% CI 2.5-11.2) occlusion. Epigenetic biomarkers that are promising for predicting the risk of HPV have been established. The effectiveness of epigenetic therapy aimed at correcting disorders of the growth and development of the dental system has been shown in animal models. Conclusion. Epigenetic factors play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of HPV. Further study of epigenetic mechanisms will allow the development of new approaches to the prevention and treatment of these disorders.

Keywords:dental anomalies, epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNA, prevention, personalized medicine