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This article presents the results of a study dedicated to evaluating methods for restoring chewing efficiency in patients with post-traumatic defects of the dental arches. The relevance of the work is driven by the significant impact that the loss of masticatory units has on quality of life and the functional status of the maxillofacial system, including the risk of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing the success of surgical and prosthetic treatment in various locations and extents of traumatic defects.
A patient group with post-traumatic defects was formed based on comprehensive examinations (medical history, clinical examination, radiography, orthopantomography, functional diagnostics). Modern surgical techniques for bone tissue restoration (osteoplasty, autotransplantation) and combined prosthetic solutions involving dental implants of various designs were used. The choice of method was based on the defect’s topography, bone tissue volume, and soft tissue condition. Outcome assessment included dynamic monitoring of implant osseointegration, analysis of masticatory pressure distribution, and chewing efficiency indicators using dispersion and correlation statistical analysis.
Results demonstrated statistically significant differences in the restoration of chewing efficiency and implant stabilization depending on defect location. The highest values were recorded for molar-zone defects (chewing efficiency 14.52 ± 1.03 units, implant stabilization 0.85 ± 0.05), intermediate values in the premolar zone (12.38 ± 0.76; 0.82 ± 0.07), and the lowest for extensive multiple defects (11.87 ± 0.91; 0.78 ± 0.04). A six-month follow-up also revealed higher occlusal load (25.92 ± 1.36 N/cm²) and muscle tone (48.27 ± 1.96 units) in the molar-defect group compared to other groups. A strong correlation was found between the nature of the defect, functional chewing parameters, and long-term stability of the constructions.
Conclusions emphasize the necessity of a strictly individualized approach to treatment planning, taking into account defect location and volume, anatomical features, masticatory load, and temporomandibular joint condition. The combined application of surgical and prosthetic methods ensures reliable functional restoration. Future prospects involve integrating functional diagnostics, 3D planning, and innovative biomaterials to optimize prognosis and rehabilitation timelines.
Keywords:chewing efficiency, dental implants, post-traumatic defects, maxillofacial rehabilitation, functional diagnostics
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