EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF OCCLUSAL ONLAYS ON THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING OF THE DENTOFACIAL SYSTEM IN THE TREATMENT OF CLASS 2 BITE ANOMALY: CEPHALOMETRY AND BIOMECHANICAL MODELING

Mahta Farzaneh, Anisimova Anastasia Vyacheslavovna, Heidari Ata, Zeidi Seyed Mahziyar, Yavari Maryam

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment approaches for Class II malocclusion using Bite turbos through cephalometric analysis and biomechanical modeling. A number of 90 patients aged 18–35 years with diagnosed Class II malocclusion participated in the study. Patients were equally divided into three groups of 30 subjects each, based on the chosen treatment method. Group I received treatment with a functional Twin Block appliance accompanied by Bite turbos, Group II used a pre-orthodontic Myobrace trainer with modified occlusal elements, whereas Group III was treated with individualized functional appliances featuring personalized occlusal splints. Cephalometric analysis involved parameters such as SNB, ANB, WITS, and Go-Gn-SN, alongside evaluations of temporomandibular joints. Biomechanical modeling was conducted using the finite element method to analyze stress distribution in skeletal structures and periodontal ligaments. Statistical data processing included normality checks using the Shapiro-Wilk test, paired sample t-tests, and one-factorial ANOVA supplemented by Tukey's post-hoc test. Findings indicated that individualized functional appliances with personalized Bite turbos exhibited the highest efficiency: normalization of the SNB angle was achieved in 73.3% of patients, compared to 46.7% in the Twin Block group and 56.7% in the Myobrace group. Additionally, the WITS parameter reached normal values in 80.0% of patients in Group III, 50.0% in Group I, and 63.3% in Group II. Biomechanical modeling revealed optimal stress distribution when employing individualized appliances, reaching maximal values of 0.8 ± 0.12 MPa in the alveolar process zone against 1.2 ± 0.18 MPa and 1.0 ± 0.15 MPa in Groups I and II, respectively. These findings support the high efficiency of a personalized approach in managing Class II malocclusion using Bite turbos.

Keywords:Class II malocclusion, Bite turbos, cephalometry, biomechanical modeling, functional appliances, Twin Block, Myobrace, finite element method