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With this work, we propose to begin a series of publications devoted to the analysis by the teachings of the outstanding domestic philosopher-theist, theologian and psychologist В. Snegireva on the inner world of man, set forth in his fundamental work «Spiritualism as a Religious and Philosophical Doctrine». From our point of view, the scientific legacy of В. Snegireva remains poorly developed and underestimated from the point of view of his personal contribution to the national tradition of religious philosophy in general and the tradition of Kazan academic theism in particular. The article reflects the most general approaches of the philosopher-theist to the evaluation of a religious phenomenon claiming the status of a new scientific tradition, making an attempt to theoretically and practically substantiate its subject, method, and the necessary conclusions. Snegirev traced historical and religious-philosophical aspects, reflecting the development of materialism and idealism as metaphysical systems and given their comparative evaluation in relation to scientism. The preconditions determining the dynamics of development of social and individual consciousness are singled out, the religious nature of epistemological needs of the human spirit is revealed. The article shows that Snegirev implicitly defends the metaphysical nature of man and the substantial idea of the human soul as an indivisible free creative essence, striving for its original source. The philosopher-theist examines the phenomenon associated with the epistemological turn in relation to the individual to the absolute, connected with the secularization of consciousness. Thus secular processes in the society according to Snegirev signify to a greater extent the development of anticlerical and counter-scientific tendencies, rather than the loss of the religious need as such.
The purpose of this study is to reveal the philosophical and anthropological aspects of the teachings of В. Snegirev about the inner world of man in the context of religious studies, discussed in his work, devoted to the theory and practice of spiritualism as a new religious movement of the XIX century.
The choice of this material is due to the fact that in the process of analyzing the phenomenon of spiritualism, the philosopher is able to uncover the universal laws of the inner life of man, which in their entirety manifest themselves precisely through religious experiences. In this sense, spiritualism as a syncretic doctrine, having its own history, representing the phenomenon of a kind of «spiritual experiment» from our point of view, has a certain scientific significance for the tradition of academic Orthodox philosophy.
In this article, for the first time in the modern era, an attempt is made to conduct a systematic study of Snegirev's work on spiritualism as a religious-philosophical doctrine using comparative analysis, methodological synthesis, contextual, deductive and historical-theoretical methods.
Keywords:spiritism, mysticism, materialism, religion, philosophy, theism, man, spirit.
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