Attributive model of suffering in eastern philosophy and in A. Schopenhauer’s irrationalism

Tokarev Dmitry A.

The article describes the attributive model of suffering, which includes, in accordance with General principles and ideas, approaches and manifestations, various directions of ancient Eastern philosophy and religion, in particular, "Bhagavad Gita", Jainism, Buddhism, Taoism, for which this is most characteristic, and also considers the irrationalist teaching of Arthur Schopenhauer, regarding the relationship to suffering as an attribute of human life and having some similarities with Eastern religious and philosophical concepts. Within the framework of the ancient Eastern philosophical tradition, the causes of suffering, its manifestations, and possible options for liberation from suffering are analyzed. The article presents the philosophical view of Arthur Schopenhauer on the causality of suffering and its relationship with hedonistic manifestations in human life. The research focuses on suffering as an attribute of human life, as well as the characteristics of human behavior inherent in this state. Emphasis is placed on finding a way out of the state of suffering through religious meditation or awareness of the finiteness of suffering with the onset of death. Specific aspects of the consideration of suffering in the context of this model are revealed, including the belief in the possibility of another life, the understanding of suffering as a necessary condition that contributes to the life wisdom of a person, the attribution inherent in suffering in a person's life, which allows one to come to terms with its presence and positive, purifying meaning. In this paper, we identify significant shortcomings characteristic of the presented attributive view, in particular, passive doom, which, with certain psychological and other problems, can lead to the desire to leave life. The attribution of suffering reduces the value of social interaction, the suffering person remains alone with himself, which is all the more dangerous in modern conditions of social disunity and virtual space.

Keywords:Suffering, attribution, vitality, sources of suffering, possibilities of liberation from suffering.