Enlightenment views of D.S. Anichkov on the problem of man: historical and philosophical analysis

Skopa V. A.

The article deals with the educational views of D. S. Anichkov on the problem of man in the context of historical and philosophical analysis. D.S. Anichkov’s problematic field of scientific knowledge covered aspects of the relationship between language and thinking, the origin and evolution of philosophical and scientific concepts. Based on the work of European enlighteners, he was critical of the theory of innate ideas; stood on the positions of materialistic sensationalism, relying on the scientific arguments of Lucretius, F. Bacon, Locke. One of the central ideas in the teachings of D. S. Anichkov was the doctrine of the essence of man, his role and place in the system of life. The problem of the interaction of the moral and physical hypostases of a person, his organic and spiritual life received the most complete coverage in the views of the Enlightener. Referring to the categories of "soul and body", D.S. Anichkov is one of the first in the history of Russian philosophical thought to give a general overview of various, both ancient and contemporary attempts to solve this problem.

Keywords:Enlightenment, history, D. S. Anichkov, history of culture, European philosophy, Russian Empire, history of philosophical thought.