On the problem of the formation of social philosophy of the XX century: a Marxist reconstruction of history

Smetankina Lyudmila Vasilievna, Ryabov Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich

The article is devoted to the problem of the specifics of the reconstruction of history in the social philosophy of Marxism, both at the stage of Karl Marx's search for evidence of the incorrectness of the speculative method in the structure of Hegel's "Philosophy of Law" in relation to the specifics of social relations, and in the perspective of incorporating historical facts into the system of ideas about inequality in the social structure ... Marx in "To the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law" criticizes the very method of synthesis of contradictions of equal quality, while one of the sides of the contradiction is objective, and is not "removed", but deepens with the help of genetic analysis. So, to prove the historical reasons for the alienation of civil rights, Marx reveals the relationship between forms of property and political institutions, the facts of the dependence of the forms of social structure on the economic structure, systematizing them in the "Kreuznach notebooks", which are historical studies with final generalizations of a philosophical nature. Historical research alternates in the "Kreutznach notebooks" with criticism of the contradictions of Rousseau's concept. The categorical apparatus of history reconstruction is also changing. In the course of his work with historical works, Marx eventually turns to the study of the structure of civil society, rejecting the idea of a social contract.

Keywords:method, socio-philosophical system, social values, social relations, historical process.