INFLUENCE OF PERCEPTIVE READINESS ON THE SPEED OF PERCEPTION OF NEW INFORMATION

Ganshin Sergey Olegovich

The article is devoted to one of the fundamental cognitive phenomena – perceptual readiness (expectation), which determines the speed of perception and recognition of new information. The study of perceptual readiness is relevant in that it covers the daily life of a person in such phenomena as motivation, selectivity of attention, mutual understanding and worldview of a person. Perceptual readiness is able to form sensitivity (sensitivity) in relation to one information agents, at the same time indifference to others. In some cases, it can be the cause of the emergence of psychopathological mechanisms (for example, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorders). The processes of adaptation and maladaptation are inextricably linked with perceptual readiness, since expectation forms protective response mechanisms, on the other hand, it can lead to stereotyping. The purpose of the study is to establish (verify) the presence of the influence of perceptual readiness (expectation) on the speed of perception and recognition of new information. According to the results of the empirical study, it was found that subjects without perceptual readiness recognize new information longer; in the behavioral register, this was recorded in the duration of responses and reactions to the presented stimulus material. The data obtained make it possible to study the properties and mechanisms of the perceptual, to apply the acquired knowledge in applied areas that require a decrease in the level of uncertainty, frustration, and anxiety.

Keywords:perception; perceptual readiness, expectations, set, cognitive scheme