CORRECTIONAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL - SPATIAL GNOSIS IN YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH A MILD DEGREE OF MENTAL RETARDATION

Kuznetsova A. A., Mirakyan K. F., Kolevatova A. S.

The problem of mental retardation is not new, but, unfortunately, it remains relevant. The problem of the peculiarities of constructing a program for correcting visual - spatial gnosis in younger schoolchildren with a mild degree of UO does not lose its relevance, remaining not fully scientifically developed. In the work of visual-spatial gnosis (the complex structure of the human psyche, in the study of which it is necessary to refer to various types of child's activities), violations of strategies of optical-spatial activity, coordinate, metric and structural-topological representations are manifested. The implemented correctional and developmental program included 3 blocks. The first is mastering the space of his own body, on the basis of which the child learns to navigate in the arrangement of parts of his own face and body. The second is mastering the spatial relationship of external objects and one's own body contributes to the formation of knowledge about the position of one's own body among the objects surrounding it. The third is the verbalization of spatial representations. To solve the research tasks, we used the methods of neuropsychological research: "Realistic objects", "Crossed out objects", "Noisy objects", "Superimposed objects", "Chimeras", "Geometric shapes", graphic sample "Fence", "Series of realistic images". The research was conducted individually with each child. According to the results of the ascertaining epap of the forming experiment, it was found that children with a diagnosis of mild mental retardation have an insufficient level of development of visual-spatial gnosis, a violation of the spatial ratio of parts of objects. According to the results of the control stage, the indicators for all samples approached the age norms of the development of visual-spatial gnosis, but according to the methods of "Crossed out images", "Superimposed objects"; "Noisy objects", "Chimeras", "Geometric shapes" differences were found at a high level of statistical significance (p>0.1), and in the samples "Realistic objects" and "Fence" there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of children.

Keywords:visual-spatial gnosis, correctional and developmental program, mental retardation.