CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION: PERSONAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC MOTIVATION

Bolbochan Denis Vladimirovich

In the continued exploration of the nature of motivation and various methodological approaches in research, as well as the practical application of this phenomenon in the context of the contemporary world, this article conducts an analysis of currently substantive theories of motivation. The diversity of interpretations of the concept of "motivation" is due to the integrative nature of interdisciplinary relationships within the realm of science. According to the author, both foreign and domestic scholars often approach the examination of the nature of motivation in accordance with methodologies whose principles are shaped by their subjective perspectives and convictions. Each of the myriad conceptions delves into a specific aspect, which, in turn, pertains to one of such extensive scientific disciplines as economics (pertaining to effective employee motivation, marketing, and sales), pedagogy (concerning student motivation), and psychology (encompassing questions of mental health and existential character). This article provides an analysis of various theories: Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, underscoring the significance of satisfying basic (physiological) needs and the subsequent human drive toward self-actualization; David McClelland's acquired needs theory, examining motivation within the scope of economic processes at the corporate and governmental levels, yet omitting existential questions, resulting in a narrower and more applied classification of motivational types; and Eduard Spranger's work, which, from the standpoint of pedagogy and human self-actualization, seeks to encompass a comprehensive spectrum of internal or instinctual motivations, which the scholar himself refers to as "life values." As a result of the research, the author concludes that, for the comprehensive development of both society as a whole and each individual in particular, the concept and nature of motivation should be considered from the perspective of individual intrinsic inclinations, which span a wide range of aspects, ranging from physiological needs and economic success to existential self-determination.

Keywords:A. Maslow, E. Spranger, D.K. McClelland, motivation, review of theories of motivation, substantive theories of motivation, types of motivation