SPECIFICITY OF SECONDARY DEVIATIONS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF ADAPTIVE COMPETENCIES

Borisova Elena B.

This article presents a theoretical analysis of the specifics of the formation of adaptive competencies in preschool children with visual impairments. The paper systematically examines how visual perception deficits mediate the emergence of secondary disorders in the form of impoverished sensory experience, fragmentary images and representations, difficulties in nonverbal communication, and emotional regulation. It has been established that these difficulties are not a direct consequence of biological impairment, but rather a systemic consequence of altered developmental conditions. It is concluded that the formation of adaptive competencies in children with visual impairments is qualitatively unique and requires not just development, but targeted corrective and pedagogical training aimed at overcoming and compensating for secondary deviations.

Keywords:psychological and pedagogical correction, sensory development, socialization of preschoolers, compensatory mechanisms, adaptive competencies, components of competencies