The idea of destructiveness in the philosophical thought of the representatives of instinctivism

Kozlova Evgeniya Anatolyevna

The article presents the philosophical views of the supporters of instinctivism on the problem of human destructiveness. The mechanism of occurrence of aggressive behavior from the point of view of psychoanalytic theory and ethology is described. Proofs of natural conditionality of destructive inclinations of the person are given. Aggressiveness is seen as a manifestation of the innate instinct for destructiveness that exists in man along with the desire for creation. Destructiveness is presented as a result of continuous interaction of two types of internal human energy: attraction to life and attraction to death. The methods of suppressing and restraining the desire for destruction, which tends to accumulate in the case of the impossibility of satisfying the desire (Super-Ego and moral norms enshrined in culture), are considered. Based on the results of research in the field of psychoanalysis, the ways of sublimation of destructiveness in forms approved by society are proposed. The article describes the structure of instinct, reflecting the idea of accumulation of aggression and the possibility of destructive actions even in the absence of irritating factors. Aggression is presented as one of the ways to implement the basic instincts inherent in man: the protection of their own territory, the desire for survival and the choice of the best partner for procreation. The author describes the ethologists' assumption about the danger of strengthening the destructiveness programmed in a person due to the fact that a person possesses artificial weapons, and the mechanisms of deterrence of aggression inherent in nature are not sufficiently developed. The article contains some critical remarks about instinctivist theories and contrariamente protecting the position of psychoanalysis and ethology.

Keywords:destructiveness, Freud, Lorenz, aggression, natural conditionality, instinct, psychoanalysis, ethology, innate.