ABOUT THE CONCEPTS OF THE CULTURAL-HISTORICAL PROCESS AND THE LIMITS OF THEIR APPLICABILITY

Petrova Sophia I.

The article is devoted to the concepts of the cultural-historical process and the limits of their applicability. The extent to which concepts are limited varies. Their one-sidedness in the study of socio-cultural changes does not mean that they are absolutely incorrect, it is only that the categories used by each of the concepts are not complete enough to describe socio-cultural phenomena from the point of view of what is contained in alternative theories. The article shows that today two main methodological approaches to the analysis of the cultural-historical process have been identified, which demonstrate different views on the analysis of the sociocultural process, one is focused on the development of social formations and class struggle, the other on the interaction and characteristics of different civilizations. The first approach, known as formational (or monistic), focuses on the study of the development of social formations. Within this approach, two concepts are distinguished - Marxist and the theory of post-industrial society. The second approach, known as civilizational (or pluralistic), focuses on the study of different civilizations and their interactions. Within the framework of this approach, the cultural and historical process is perceived as a set of parallel and interacting civilizations, each of which has its own characteristics and values.

Keywords:cultural-historical process, formational concept, civilizational concept, linear concept, matrix concept, modernization theory