ADAPTATION OF YOUTH CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS TO KINDERGARTEN USING THE METHOD OF REPLACEMENT ONTOGENESIS

Kurakova Natalia Nikolaevna, Ivanchenko Irina Pavlovna, Toropova Tatiana Sergeevna

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the problems of adaptation of young preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to the conditions of a preschool educational organization (PEO). The article emphasizes that traditional approaches to adaptation are often ineffective for this category of children due to their neurobiological development characteristics, which manifest themselves in communication disorders, social interaction, stereotypical behavior, and sensory dysfunction. As an alternative solution, the article proposes the use of the method of substitute ontogenesis (MSO), a neuropsychological approach aimed at the step-by-step reproduction and correction of the child's ontogenetic development path. The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical basis and practical testing of the elements of the MZO as a tool for psychological and pedagogical support, which can create a foundation for the development of higher mental functions and the successful integration of a child into a new social environment. The article provides a detailed description of the stages of work (sensomotor correction, development of coordination, and formation of voluntary regulation), provides specific examples of exercises, and analyzes the positive results of their application, which include a reduction in anxiety, mitigation of behavioral deviations, and development of interaction skills. The research materials are of practical value for educational psychologists, defectologists, teachers of inclusive and correctional groups, as well as for parents of children with ASD.

Keywords:autism spectrum disorders (ASD), early childhood, adaptation to kindergarten, method of substituted ontogenesis (MSO), neuropsychological correction, sensorimotor integration, psychological and pedagogical support, preschool education, inclusion