Linguistic portrait what needs

Trufanova Irina Vladimirovna

Object: Determine the linguistic status of what needs and show its differences from what is useful (benefit, use, profit, benefit. Methods: the method of linguistic portraiture developed by Yu.D. Apresyan; oppositional method; which has been developed and tested in works on homology complexes, functional homonyms, polyfunctional words, transition and syncretism in the Russian language; methodical methods of substitution and synonymous substitution Findings: We studied the functioning of what needs over the past two and a half centuries, relying on the base of the National Corpus of the Russian language, and identified four different what needs, three phraseological units and two phraseological schemes. Research materials can be used in the preparation of phraseological and explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian language. Conclusions:Two phraseological units are interjections. The first thing that is synonymous with phraseological units does not matter, what kind of need, it means “it doesn’t matter, it doesn’t matter, it’s not scary, it doesn’t matter, it doesn’t matter”, expresses the emotive of self-complacency in internal speech, in external speech the speech action of emotional impact, in particular, calming the interlocutor ... The second thing is that the need is synonymous with phraseological units; what matters, what matters, matters not; has the meaning “does not concern anyone at all, does not relate to anyone”; expresses a speech act of advice not to pay attention to anything. Calming is directed to the feelings of the interlocutor, advice not to pay attention to thoughts. The third thing that needs has the meaning of "no need" is an adverb and, entering a rhetorical question, expresses the speech act of advising the listener not to do anything. What needs, expressing reassurance, according to the degree of semantic fusion of components, phraseological fusion; that needs, expressing advice not to pay attention, are phraseological unity; that the need for the meaning "no need" is a phraseological expression. That the need for the function of the main member of the genius sentence is not a phraseological unit. The phrase scheme of what needs is, what needs to, in combination with a rhetorical question, expresses in the inner speech the speech act of refusing to pay attention to anything, in the external - advice not to pay attention to anything.)

Keywords:interjection, speech acts, types of phraseological units according to the degree of semantic cohesion of components, functional homonyms, homocomplex, syncretism, transition.