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The interaction of student, teacher and subject of study is carried out under the influence of a huge number of different factors. As a result, there are qualitative changes in the learning process, both positively and negatively affecting the achievement of the set didactic goal. Therefore, it is important to manage the appropriate changes, specifically structuring (hierarchically ordering) the components of the learning process.
Such structuring must be carried out within the framework of a personal approach, in accordance with which it is assumed that the student's personality is treated as a unique individuality, the creation of favorable conditions for its development, self-determination and self-realization through education. This approach reflects the essence of the modern pedagogical concept, the implementation of the ideas of which requires a revision of the goals and values of education, the content and methods of teaching, i.e. formation of personality-oriented systems of training and education.
An adaptive learning system involves the introduction into practice of as many tasks as possible, translated by the teacher into mutual control and self-control of the students. This promotes the development of creativity of the students themselves, who can prepare their own assignments and their solutions to deliver them to the collection of materials with feedback.
Students can work independently, both collectively in pairs, and separately (individually), performing tasks of different sizes and difficulties.
During the organization of the teacher's work with the students in the lesson, it is necessary to regularly teach them the techniques of independent work: mutual control, mutual learning, mutual evaluation, self-control and self-assessment. It is necessary, together with the students, to work out the organizational forms of collective (paired) independent work, including these forms of work in small doses in the process of explaining new material at the stage of its consolidation.
The relevance of the study is due to the need to resolve the following main contradictions identified by us:
- between the variety of individual and personal characteristics of students and the limited adaptive capabilities of the methods used in teaching chemistry;
- between the explanatory and illustrative way of teaching chemistry, which is dominant in school, and the need to ensure the adaptive nature of educational activity;
- between the need to ensure sustainable formation of subject educational results in chemistry and the lack of a methodology for adaptive teaching of chemistry.
The relevance of this study is due to the fact that it has not only scientific significance (associated with the disclosure of the theory and methodology of ASO), but also social significance (contributing to the adaptation of the personality of the school student in society), as well as applied (associated with the development and implementation of the ASO methodology at school ).
The research problem is due to the need to develop guidelines for the application of an adaptive approach to teaching in chemistry.
Purpose
The purpose of the research is to describe the methodological aspects of the implementation of the adaptive system of teaching chemistry, aimed at the formation of subject universal educational actions.
Method or methodology of the work: to date, the following steps have been taken in pedagogical science to develop an adaptive teaching system: pedagogical technologies of an adaptive school and an adaptive education system (N.P. Kapustin), an adaptive control system (A.M. Moiseev, T.I. Shamova, TI Davydenko and others); issues of adaptive control technology (G.K. Zaitsev, N.K. Kovsh, V.A.Milkop and others), adaptive school as a model of an educational institution (N.P. Kapustin, I.S. Yakimanskaya, E.A. Yamburg and others), as well as the philosophy of the subjective-humanistic approach to education (M.M. Bakhtin, N.A. Berdyaev, Yu.M. Lotman, etc.), the main provisions of the theory of knowledge and the theory of personality development (B. Ananiev, A.V. Brushlinsky, L.S.Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, B.F. Lomov, V.S. Merlin, K.K. Platonov and others), psychodiagnostics (G.D. Eysenck, V.M.Bleicher, A.A. Bodalev, L.F.Burlachuk, V.N.Druzhinin, P.Kline, F.Fransella, D. Bannister, R.Kettel, D.Gilford and others), theoretical foundations of didactics (B. S. Gershunsky, M. A. Danilov, V. I. Zagvyazinsky, I. Ya. Lerner, N.D. Nikandrov, M. N. Skatkin, A. V. Khutorskoy, etc.) and personality-oriented pedagogy (N.A. Alekseev, D.A. Belukhin, E.V. Bondarevskaya, V.V.Serikov, I.S. Yakimanskaya and others), methods of analysis of pedagogical systems developed by V.I. Zagvyazinsky, T.A. Ilyina, G. D. Kirillova, F. F. Korolev, N. V. Kuzmina, Yu.N. Kuljutkin, I.D. Pekhletsky, M.M. Potashnik, G.N. Sukhobskaya, G.I.Shchukina and others; ideas of creative development and self-development of personality (V.I. Andreev, D.B. Bogoyavlenskaya, Ya.A. Ponomarev, N.Yu. Postalyuk and others), its professional development (S.A. Dneprov, N.V. Kuzmina , Yu.I. Tarsky, V.D. Shirshov and others), methods of using the mathematical apparatus in pedagogical research (B.P. Bitinas, M.I. Grabar, N.F. Dzhuzha, L.B. Itelson, I. P. Lebedeva, D. Lawley, V. I. Mikheev, I. D. Pekhletsky, S. V. Rusakov, G. V. Sukhodolsky and others).
Results:
- the theoretical significance of the study is as follows: the methodological conditions for the implementation tion of methods of adaptive teaching of chemistry at school; systematized data on the methodological apparatus of the adaptive learning system.
- the practical significance of the research lies in the fact that: selected and partially compiled didactic materials for conducting chemistry lessons in grades 8-9 based on an adaptive learning system; materials and results of the research can be replicated in educational institutions of the Russian Federation.
Practical implications: the results obtained are advisable to apply in educational institutions.
Keywords:adaptive learning system, teaching methods of chemistry, individual assignments, work in pairs.
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